Directional drilling, also known as horizontal directional drilling (HDD), is a trenchless method of installing underground utilities such as pipes, conduits, or cables along a predetermined path using a surface-launched drilling rig. This technique is ideal for installing telecommunications and power cables, water and sewer lines, gas lines, and oil pipelines. 

It allows for crossing beneath obstacles like waterways, roadways, shore approaches, environmentally sensitive areas, and congested urban zones without significant surface disruption.

Trenching and plowing are fundamental methods for installing underground utilities, each offering unique advantages based on project requirements and site conditions. Cable plowing offers a streamlined solution for burying telecom cables with minimal topsoil disruption. 

This method utilizes a precision plow blade to simultaneously create a trench and lay the cable, preserving the land's integrity. Cable plowing is particularly suitable for rural areas with soft terrain, enabling rapid and cost-effective installation of underground utilities.

Fiber blowing, an air-blown fiber method, facilitates the installation of fiber optic cables by using compressed air to propel the fiber through ducts to its destination. This technique minimizes stress on the cables, reduces installation time, and allows for easy upgrades or expansions of the network in the future.